This information is based on the findings of a research carried out in New Zealand in 2008. There are several factors that may affect employees' motivation, however in this article I will focus on psychological empowerment as a mean to understand employee’s intrinsic motivation. Psychological empowerment is based on individuals’ perceptions and cognitions; Employees relate to empowerment as a) a sense of having control over their job content and context, b) having responsibilities and c) participating in decision making. It also reflects the extent to which employees feel a) they can perform the job proficiently, b) the job they perform has an impact on the organization and c) the job is meaningful to them.
Results of this research suggested that instituting programs that create individual’s belief in empowerment would most likely increase employees' commitment and citizenship behaviors (working beyond their job description). It also confirmed that the relationship between the manager and his/her employee/s has a significant role in the success of this process. Employee empowerment can only be successful if the relationship between leader and subordinate is one of trust, respect and partnership.
When supervisors trust and respect their employees, they are likely to allow their employees to make decisions on how to go about their job. They are also likely to consider employees’ ideas and take action upon them which would increase employees’ perception of empowerment. Empowerment implies taking new responsibilities, consequently employees should be provided with training in order to develop new skills and enhance their competence, which will allow them to take on more responsibilities and perform effectively.
In addition, the organizations should a) provide procedures and policies that support empowered employees and b) train managers to be facilitators and help employees to reach their potential rather than to direct and micromanage. The organization should also decide who should be empowered and how much. Furthermore, re-assessing employees’ rewards is another task for managers to consider upon; empowered employees would work more and have greater responsibilities, thus managers should consider the extent to which it would be fair and feasible for empowered employees to receive more pay or additional benefits that reflect those changes.
Some employees may feel their job is threatened -as a result of organization’s empowerment strategies leading to job re-design- hence the organization will also have to consider employment assurances. Simply put, the organization has to manage employees’ fears by providing clear and honest feedback on what it is expected to happen and how it is going to be achieved. Unless organization’s practices reflect clearly the organization’s vision and goals, employees are unlikely to understand their mission and achieve the expected outcomes.
For full copy of this research to go
http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20081215.113604/